In the first three decades of CRSP data, value stocks have higher betas than growth stocks.Later on, the ranking is reversed and the gap in beta widens. What makes growth strategiesnowadays bear more market risk than value strategies? What are the causes of the reversalin the ranking of betas?...

The recursive prediction and filtering formulas of the Kalman filter are difficult to implementin nonlinear state space models. For Gaussian linear state space models, or for models with qualitativestate variables, the recursive formulas of the filter require the updating of a finite number...

This paper develops a dynamic trade-off model of optimal capital structure that takes intoaccount the fact that most firms have both invested assets and growth opportunities. Thesetwo sources of value react quite differently to business cycle risk. In particular, growth optionsare more sensitive...