, We show that, in presence of licensing, the incentive for innovation may also be stronger under decentralized unions …

data on 170 regions in Europe (NUTS 2 level) for the periods 1991-1995 and 2001-2005. Innovation outcomes are measured by … diffusion of innovation activity, and the spatial selectivity of immigrants' location choices, we take account of spatial …'s restaurants as a novel instrument for immigration. The results confirm that innovation is clearly a function of regio nal …

Portuguese strategic choices regarding innovation and R&D policy have, over the past two decades, produced various … firms' contribution to national and regional growth, their obstacles and impacts. For the purpose of this paper, innovation … the present performance of Portuguese firms located throughout the country and to explore those innovation determinants …

The importance of knowledge spillovers for achieving innovation and economic growth is widely recognized. It is not … this controversy using a model of regional growth. The model also deals with the impact of local competition on innovation …

Innovation and technological change are central to the quest for regional development. In the globally … structure characterised by its extent of specialisation, competition and diversity, to yield innovation and productivity growth … (diversity) and Porter externalities (competition) that have provided alternative explanations for innovation and urban growth …

effectiveness and efficiency of national and European innovation policies. Building on the literature on the knowledge production …