This paper provides evidence that keiretsu group member firms are subject to lower effective tax rates than independent firms in Japan. As one explanation for this phenomenon, we develop a hypothesis that keiretsu firms strategically shift financially reported income among affiliates in order to...

This study is motivated by two major considerations. First, the Fletcher and Taylor (1996) approach has yet to be applied to short-date markets to assess the diminishing role of transaction costs in explaining the devjatjons of observed forward foreign exchange prices from interest parity...