For well over a decade many observers had warned that the European Union was ill-prepared in case of a financial storm because its market integration far outpaced its policy integration. This situation was well known to policy-makers but it was hoped that financial crises would wait until policy...

For well over a decade many observers had warned that the European Union was ill-prepared in case of a financial storm because its market integration far outpaced its policy integration. This situation was well known to policy-makers but it was hoped that financial crises would wait until policy...

The European Union's decision of adopting the International Accounting Standards for the whole of its countries members was deeply contested by the European banks. In fact, the banking industry was completely opposed to IAS 39 which treats the financial instruments. In order to demonstrate the...