Pakistan was selected as a case study because of its estimated 40 percent decline in fertility between 1980 and 2006 …. Pakistan's high fertility rate began to decline gradually after the late 1980s and has continued to fall since then, though … (Algeria, Botswana, Iran, and Nicaragua), the history of fertility reduction in Pakistan has not been an overwhelming success …

Nicaragua's success at reducing fertility. The government was committed to gender equity and female empowerment through …

and demographic objectives. Between 1967 and 1977, fertility declined-mainly in urban areas-to an average of 4 children … providing basic services such as health care and education. Iran's fertility decline may have proceeded in two stages, the first … for childbearing. The fertility decline coincided with improvements in primary and secondary education, possibly affecting …

the 13 'economic miracles' of the world for 1960-2005. The total fertility rate remains high in Sub-Saharan Africa, with … 25 countries showing a rate greater than 5.0. In contrast, Botswana experienced the greatest fertility decline in the … region during 1980-2006, with the total fertility rate decreasing from 7.1 in 1981 to 3.2 in 2006. The Botswana national …

Algeria's fertility decline defies conventional explanation. Despite inauspicious starting conditions-a high total fertility … some of its neighbors in fertility reduction. Before its fertility transition, Algeria had one of the highest crude birth … rates in the world, nearly 50 per 1,000. The fertility transition began in 1965-70, before any significant government …