developing world, namely the likelihood of continued childbearing given the gender composition of existing children in the family … that latent son preference in childbearing is more likely to manifest itself when fertility levels are low. As a result of … wellbeing if there are quantity-quality trade-offs that result in fewer material and emotional resources allocated to children …

, and parenting quality in a developing country. They use a sample of over 3,000 predominantly poor pre-school age children … for older than younger children, and there is greater dispersion in scores among older children. They find that household … socioeconomic characteristics, in particular wealth and parental education, are "protective"-children from wealthier households with …