Houba, Harold; Motchenkova, Evgenia; Wen, Quan - Tinbergen Instituut - 2013
We study antitrust enforcement that channels price-fixing incentives through setting fines and allocating resources to … detection activities. Antitrust fines obey four legal principles: punishments should fit the crime, proportionality, bankruptcy … considerations, and minimum fines. Bankruptcy considerations limit maximum fines, ensure abnormal cartel profits and impose a …