in Scotland. New measures of flexibility and turbulence are used to explain the performance of mature small firms. These … depend on our unique body of evidence from interviews with owner managers. Performance is measured using a Likert scale over … performance. This is done in two forms. The first involves generalised least squares estimation (with heteroskedastic adjustment …

-005-2933-4">'De Economist'</A>, 2005, 153(2), 139-165.<P> How much does a nation spend on resources to 'grease the wheels of trade … traders. This image was derived in the seventeenth century from successes in long distance trade, shipping and financial … in enhancing transactions cities or agglomerations remain important, suggesting that face-to-face trade remains an …

We empirically investigate the responsiveness of international trade to the stringency of environmental regulation …. Stringent environmental regulation may impair the export competitiveness of ‘dirty’ domestic industries, and as a result … equilibrium model of trade and pollution nesting the pollution haven motive for trade with the factor endowment motive. We analyze …

This paper studies the intangible costs of international trade by extending the basic gravity equation with measures of … cultural and institutional distance, and institutional quality. Analyzing a sample of bilateral trade flows between 92 … countries in 1999, we find that institutional distance has a negative effect on bilateral trade, presumably because the …

Using a comprehensive international trade data set we investigate empirical regularities (known as Zipf’s Law or the …