that women should withdraw from the labour market on the eve of marriage. Adherence to this norm is most clearly reflected … of farmers. Women in urban municipalities, however, set the norm far earlier and differences across social classes were …–class women. This paradox is resolved by noting that they substituted registered work for unregistered work, e.g., in house …

eligibility criteria and reduced generosity. Women subject to the more stringent rule experience greater rates of hospitalization … negative health effect on females is restricted to women with low pre-disability earnings. We hypothesize that the gender …

disparities in China relate to rising income inequality and in particular to the adverse health and income experience of older (wo)men …