cooperation and sanctioning', 2007, <I>KritV - Kritische Vierteljahresschrift fur Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft</I>, 90, 1 … difference between them concerns the question of “who punishes”. In the first approach, punishment is executed by the group … members themselves individually, i.e., punishment is decentral in nature. The second approach is based on the idea that …

anger, ‘social’ emotions like shame and guilt need to be present for punishment to be an effective deterrent of …