essential facilities doctrine of antitrust. This is an area where European law and American law have diverged. In Trinko (2007 … avoid antitrust liability, or create sharing arrangements that undermine competition. We show how and why the original … purpose of the doctrine has become entangled with other antitrust issues, in particular, leveraging. We systematize the …

defendants who have committed anti-trust violations more likely to settle than innocent defendants. We also show that for … antitrust enforcement and prove that it is better to increase damages that to reduce costs of initiating a suit. In particular …

both efficiency under competition and cartel deterrence. Individual fines are thus more beneficial than corporate fines … losses may arise even when the industry remains competitive. Antitrust policy has a novel value, specifically thanks to …

We present a model where the Antitrust Authority is privately informed about the strength of the case against a given … cartel. In this context, the Antitrust Authority may obtain cartel members' confessions even when it opens an investigation … conviction rate, which in turn enhances cartel desistance and cartel deterrence. A second contribution of the paper is to show …