Evidence has repeatedly shown that disparities in crime sentences can be attributed to certain variables considered …´s sentence and if the sentence should be above the legal minimum set for the severity of the crime according to the criminal code …

power within the household. Our results show that female displaced women work longer hours, earn similar wages and … contribute in larger proportions to household earnings relative to rural women whoremain in rural areas. However, as measured by … notably, domestic violence have increased among displaced women. The anger and frustration of displaced women also increases …

Experience from the last decade in Colombia and Mexico suggests that violence increases when governments achieve their … or in more impatient leaders increase violence between DTOs without reducing supply. On the other hand, policies that … can curb supply, although this comes at the cost of increased violence if the elasticity of demand is below a certain …

This paper proposes a new identification strategy to estimate the causal impact of illicit drug markets on violence … municipalities that we use as an instrument to uncover the causal effect of illegal cocaine markets on violence. We find that a 10 … violence as different armed groups fight each other, the government and the civil population for their control and extraction. …

Violence against union members in Colombia has been at the center of a debate for several years now. Union leaders and … over time of the indicators for violence against union members and union leaders. In particular we show (using different … indicators and data sources) that violence against unionists in Colombia has steadily declined over the last seven years. Then …

target for criminal activities. The paper proposes an information channel through which crime distorts consumption decisions …; this channel is different in nature from the channel whereby crime acts as a direct tax on observable and stealable … consumption goods. More precisely, we argue that, in the presence of crime, individuals reduce their consumption ofobservable …