target for criminal activities. The paper proposes an information channel through which crime distorts consumption decisions …; this channel is different in nature from the channel whereby crime acts as a direct tax on observable and stealable … consumption goods. More precisely, we argue that, in the presence of crime, individuals reduce their consumption ofobservable …

contact, and holds officers accountable for crime in their assigned area. The plan warranted a comprehensive training program … reduction in several types of crime attributable to the training program, ranging from around .13 of a standard deviation for … homicides to .18 of a standard deviation for brawls. These impacts are driven by very large effects in high crime areas and very …

This paper measures the impact of crime on firm investment by exploiting variation in kidnappings in Colombia from 1996 … to 2002. Our central result is that firms invest less when kidnappings target firms. We also find that aggregate crime …