India has a sizeable telecom equipment manufacturing industry. The industry, which was originally dominated by just one state-owned corporation, has now been deregulated. Currently the industry consist of twelve SMEs, which manufacture small and medium switches and seven large firms (of which...

South Africa used to follow a policy of import substitution, necessitated by subscription to apartheid. However, following the democratic elections of 1994, the country abandoned this policy and put in place a whole host of measures to increase its industrial competitiveness. Policy makers gave...

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the various ways in which the Israeli Government is supporting R&D in industry and draw some lessons from this experience for Developing Countries. The Israeli experience is rather unique in the sense that it uses mainly one financial instrument, namely...

Brazil is one of the only three and the first one from the developing world to initiate and maintain innovation capability especially in the switching equipment component of the telecommunications equipment industry. The maintenance of this capability has come under some strain with the...

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the role of the Indian state in promoting innovations in enterprise or manufacturing sector. The country's manufacturing sector is dominated by the Chemicals and pharmaceutical sector which also accounts for the largest share in R&D investments and in the...

The Paper undertakes a detailed survey of the various policy instruments and institutions, which two seemingly similar economies have implemented to increase R&D investments by their respective private sector enterprises. The two economies are Singapore and Malaysia, which have both shown rather...

Iran's manufacturing sector has been growing very rapidly during the 1990s. Consequent to the structural reforms initiated, almost entirely due to domestic compulsions, the sector is undergoing a wave of privatisation and is also more open to foreign investments. The change over to a Republic...

An important component of this institutional framework supporting investment in new technologies is venture capital institutions. A group of developing countries, especially from Asia has been rather successful in establishing and nurturing this way of financing new technologies. The present...

It is now fairly well established both in theory and practice that if industrial R&D is left entirely in the hands of private sector enterprises there will be under investments. The desire to under invest is proportional to the size of the spill-over gap. In order to correct for these, public...

The purpose of this paper is to survey the various ways through which the Brazilian state has intervened in the area of technology development at the enterprise level. Government intervention in technology development has manifested itself in terms of four areas: First it had placed restrictions...