The aim of the paper is to assess heterogeneity of the innovation process. Using exploratory factor analysis on micro … data from the third Community Innovation Survey in 13 countries, we identify four factors that that can be interpreted as … research, user, external and production ingredients of innovation. All too often it is assumed that the differences between the …

Innovation is a multilevel phenomenon. Not only characteristics of firms but also environment within which firms … developing countries, we estimate a multilevel model of innovation that integrates explanatory factors at different levels of the …

the rate of innovation for companies with small patent and alliance portfolios. However, when the patent portfolio and … technologies have higher levels of innovation performance in subsequent years than companies that solely invest in incremental …

within the context of technological innovation. We differentiate among a firm's direct ties, indirect ties and degree of …