Africa (SSA). Data from 19 exporter countries was used together with communication costs data in a gravity model of trade … setup. The export data derive from the IMF Direction of Trade and the COMTRADE databases, while the communication cost data … an important factor in bilateral trade in the region. Communications have a significant negative effect on export …

, employment, export partners' growth and terms of trade to estimate price and income elasticities of export demand, total … relating them to various strands of trade and growth literature. Based on the results of this estimation, we also calculate … steady-state growth rates, engine and handmaiden effects of growth as well as the dynamic steady-state gains from trade for …

manufactures. As we think that the link between the terms of trade and long-run development, growth and convergence is the ability … of exports to enhance investment through importing capital goods we analyse trends in country terms-of-trade for goods … economy growth models under special conditions where they generate constant though endogenous terms of trade. We therefore …

goods. We analyse trends in country terms-of-trade for goods and services rather than those for commodities according to the … World Bank income classification. We find that the natural logarithm of the terms of trade for all groups except for the …-differencing is inefficient and biases significance levels in first differences against the fall in the terms of trade. For the low …