of MNE R&D. Innovation can be undertaken in order to adapt its existing products and services to local stimuli. This is … 'demand-driven R&D'. Innovation can also be in stand-alone R&D facilities which are considerably more knowledgeintensive, and … tendency to focus on FDI flows is flawed, since knowledge exchanges and innovation are establishment level phenomena. An MNE …

conditions the emergent systems of innovation in Africa. These effectively determine the development trajectory of the region. We … advance the notion of dynamic and non-dynamic systems of innovation, the latter describing the African condition. In doing … literature on evolutionary theory and systems of innovation. We provide evidence of the colonial origins of skewed schooling …

natural resources. Increasing global trade and investment - globalization - offer an important opportunity for developing … economic development. This positive feature of globalization has some serious drawbacks when the country is not equipped with … the number two exporter of farmed salmon in the world after Norway. The sector, however, suffered a decline in production …