advance the notion of quadic patent family, defined as a patent family that consists of patent applications at the European … Patent Office, the Japanese Patent Office, the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and the national patent office of a … a sample of 38 countries. Our results indicate that quadic patent applications are driven by the need for accessing …

is very important. For our research we made use of the EPO (European Patent Office) database on patents. We used the … number of forward patent citations per patent to identify radical from non-radical inventions. For our analysis we used the … backward patent citations per patent. In order to test if the two groups we are considering are truly different and to see on …

The global pharmaceutical sector is highly patent intensive, and firms rely on product, process and formulation patents … products patented outside the country, can no longer produce such drugs due to the introduction of TRIPS-compliant patent … regimes in their countries. Least developed countries have an extension until 2016 to implement the pharmaceutical patent …

the effects of patent life and patent breadth on market outcomes. To answer these research questions, an evolutionary …