financial patents at the US Patent and Trademark Office, and to have also impacted other patent offices around the world. A … number of scholars, both legal and economic, have critiqued both the quality of these patents and the decisions themselves …. This paper reviews the history of business method and financial patents briefly and then explores what economists know …

We take a first look at financial patents at the European Patent Office (EPO). As is the case at the US Patent and … Trademark Office (USPTO), the number of financial patents in Europe has increased significantly in parallel with significant … changes in payment and financial systems. Scholars have argued that financial patents, like other business methods patents …

local knowledge spillovers for innovation. However, not much is known about whether local knowledge spillovers work … similarly in developing countries. This analysis is based on an original innovation survey in the software industry in Uruguay … be essential for innovation, but not sufficient for economic success. Firms in developing countries need to be connected …

industry can benefit from public R&D investment to actively develop indigenous innovation. …

The impact of patent protection on biomedical innovation has been a controversial issue. Although a "medical anti …-commons" has been predicted due to a proliferation of patents on upstream technologies, evidence to test these concerns is only now … difficult to predict the impact of patenting on biomedical innovation in developing and least developed countries. This paper …

location on the specialization-diversification spectrum significantly affects how firms manage innovation. For a sample of 90 … innovator ICT firms in Ankara we find that cooperation structure, sources of innovation and funding of RD display statistically …