Why are there areas with persistenly low levels of income or consumption? This could result from the concentration of … set. Our theoretical model of household consumption growth allows for the effect of community variables to modify the … to estimate the model parameters. Several significant interesting results appear, showing that private consumption growth …

possibly income loss, but also reduce the number of consumption units in the household. Using data from Indonesia, it is shown … in consumption units. In contrast, when prime-age adults die, survivors face additional costs and, in consequence, use …