Le gouvernement Lula a annoncé un nouveau projet de réformes de l'industrie électrique fin 2003 bien que celles engagées par le précédent gouvernement ne soient pas achevées. Ce nouveau modèle repose sur une intervention très forte des autorités notamment en matière d'investissement...

This paper investigates the relationship between electricity demand and temperature in the European Union. We address this issue by means of a panel threshold regression model on 15 European countries over the last two decades. Our results confirm the non-linearity of the link between...

Ce rapport est consacré à l'analyse économique des marchés français et européen de l'électricité et du gaz naturel. Dans la première partie du rapport, les auteurs présentent le contexte énergétique mondial avec la place prise par les problèmes environnementaux dans l'utilisation de...

Although there is a consensus concerning the need for public policy evaluation, there is no stable doctrine regarding the way such assessments should be carried out. Different models coexist or succeed one another; it is, for example, possible to schematically oppose a ballistic model of...

Since 2004, investigations and debates have been carried out on the French research and innovation system. Policy-makers have tried to break with the traditional ‘colbertist’ state- centered model, which put emphasis on interventionism and state involvement. This system that was successful...

Le rapport étudie la situation de l'Union européenne, comparée à celle des Etats-Unis, en matière de politique industrielle et d'innovation, notamment dans les technologies de l'information, de la communication et de la biologie ; il fait le point sur les politiques industrielles menées en...

This paper addresses the question of what options are available to regulate the sector in the near future. In order to answer this question, the paper focuses on the problem of investment and innovation in an ex ante regulated sector. Relying on existing literature, we argue that ex ante...

Faced with the technological changes and with the rise of international competition, the competitiveness of firms is based more and more on innovation. In this context, the new innovating firms are regarded as source of competitive dynamism. However, these firms encounter difficulties to finance...

The EU ETS has been criticised for threatening the competitiveness of European industry and generating carbon leakage, i.e., increasing foreign greenhouse gas emissions. Two main options have been put forward to tackle these concerns : border adjustments and output-based allocation, i.e.,...