Économie très largement ouverte, intégrée, située au centre de l’Europe, la France entre en concurrence directe avec ses voisins aussi bien en termes de marchés qu’en termes d’attractivité. Il lui est impossible aujourd’hui de réfléchir à son système fiscal sans prendre en...

A large exclusion from the labor market or an important unemployment of lowskilled workers is observed in numerous countries that set a minimum wage. Unemployment benefit or subsidizing low-skilled job policies can be mixed to deal with this situation. We introduce a matching model where (i)...

We introduce a matching model that allows for classical and frictional unemployment. The labor market is dual featuring low-skilled and high-skilled workers and simple and complex jobs. Simple jobs pay a minimum wage, while wages in the complex jobs are determined by Nash bargaining....

We study how French exporters react to a VAT shock in a destination country. As VAT shocks are by nature almost permanent, exogenous, and without impact on marginal costs, the subsequent price reaction makes it possible to identify a pure demand-led mark-up adjustment. The results of an analysis...

We exploit French customs’ firm-level data to study how exporters pass a change in the VAT rate of one importing country through their prices. Looking at this reaction is of interest beyond a mere fiscal incidence analysis: VAT shocks provide instruments to identifying the extent of mark-up...

This paper analyses whether it is worth taxing the black market. A theoretical optimal tax model provides a first analytical discussion. An empirical version allows us to estimate an optimal tax system for Madagascar. For reasonable inequality aversion parameters, the taxation’s rate of the...

Since the beginning of the 80’s, the developing countries have been forced to launch a fiscal reform. Most African countries are currently right in the middle of this reform process. This reform has two objectives: first, to increase fiscal pressure; second, to substitute domestic taxes to...

Why are there areas with persistenly low levels of income or consumption? This could result from the concentration of households with a low capital endowment or from variations in households’ environment. Peru is a country with a very much fragmented topography and climate, that combines dry...

Fiscal constraints and policy changes to improve effectiveness of programs in reducing poverty has progressively led the international community to use tools for reaching the poor. Targeting antipoverty interventions is one of them. This paper aims at providing a general review of experiences of...

Improving information about individual opportunity costs of deforestation agents has the potential to increase the efficiency of REDD when it takes the form of a payment for environmental services scheme. However, objectives pursued in REDD projects may vary across policy makers. Within a...