In this article, I analyze and compare the contributions of Dupuit and Walras on the natural monopoly of railroads. Both theorists argued that inland waterways—as opposed to railroads—could be vertically unbundled, a point which previous authors who compared their views failed to point out....

After generics, which are copies of chemical medicines, "copies" of already patented biologics (biosimilars) are entering the biologics market and competing with their originators. Many uncertainties remain regarding the development of this newly emerging market, and the ability of biosimilars...

Les gains de productivité constituent sur le moyen-long terme l’un des principaux vecteurs de développement d’une entreprise et, au niveau macro-économique, la principale source de l’élévation du niveau de vie moyen d’une population.