We consider the effect of MERCOSUR on trade between Brazilian states and on trade of Brazilian states with the rest of … the world. We use a gravity model to shed light on the possible diversion effect of MERCOSUR. Thanks to the data on inter …-state trade only for four years including one available year for the pre-MERCOSUR period (1991). We show that MERCOSUR led to an …

We consider the impact of MERCOSUR on trade among Brazilian states and on trade by Brazilian states with MERCOSUR and … the rest of the world. We use a theoretically founded gravity model to shed light on MERCOSUR’s possible creation and … over a 4-year period, including 1 year prior to the MERCOSUR period (1991), we deliver empirical evidence at state level …

, governance, and social and political participation). To take up this challenge, modules on Governance, Democracy and Multiple …

Democracy) were added to the 1-2-3 surveys carried out in 2001, 2002 or 2003 in major cities in eight countries (Benin, Burkina …

including a “democratic” clause. The inclusion of such a clause can be interpreted as a political choice to promote democracy …

explain the difficulty to implement democracy and market economy relies on the idea that people, especially the poor, have a … education. But, on the contrary, the poor are strongly in favour of democracy as the rest of the population. This finding … be against democracy. Then, in order to consolidate the democratic process, state institutions must be reinforced to be …

European Union, a future member must be a stable democracy that respects human rights, the rule of law and the protection of … minorities. The inclusion of such a clause can be interpreted as a political choice to promote democracy. But it can also be …

that the widespread search for consensus leads to the extinction of democracy. …