Market prices make it possible to realise returns on capital investments in the electricity sector, but these prices may not necessarily be politically or socially acceptable. As a result, explicit or implicit price caps may be established. If these caps are effective, they may result in loss of...

Objectives Policy makers pay more and more attention to the orphan drug market. Pharmaceutical companies are suspected to take advantage of the legislation. Moreover, granted an orphan designation (OD) could be associated with higher prices. The aim of this work is to assess the impact of the...

A principal needs a worker for the production of a good. The worker can be hired as an internal agent, or an external agent under a contract. These two organizational modes correspond to in-house production and outsourcing, respectively. In each case, the agent earns experience benefits: future...

Macroeconomic data on 45 countries are combined with microeconomic data on 4 case-study countries to reveal signifi cant differences in the levels of education attained under the different colonial powers in Africa during the colonial period. In 1960, former British colonies exhibited higher...

Africa has been hard hit by the international crisis. Initially exogenous and above all financial, it has exacerbated various internal crises already present in the region. Like the DRC, which is a test case in many respects, Africa could experience severe setbacks that could cancel out the...

What is the kind of institutions that affect economic inequalities? Using a database on national income inequality for 73 non-European countries, we show that 'good governance' not only contributes to the level of income but also to a more equal distribution by increasing the income share of the...