Market prices make it possible to realise returns on capital investments in the electricity sector, but these prices may not necessarily be politically or socially acceptable. As a result, explicit or implicit price caps may be established. If these caps are effective, they may result in loss of...

Objectives Policy makers pay more and more attention to the orphan drug market. Pharmaceutical companies are suspected to take advantage of the legislation. Moreover, granted an orphan designation (OD) could be associated with higher prices. The aim of this work is to assess the impact of the...

A principal needs a worker for the production of a good. The worker can be hired as an internal agent, or an external agent under a contract. These two organizational modes correspond to in-house production and outsourcing, respectively. In each case, the agent earns experience benefits: future...