Objective: Pay-for-performance programmes have been widely implemented in primary care, but few studies have investigated their potential adverse effects on the intrinsic motivation of general practitioners (GPs) even though intrinsic motivation may be a key determinant of quality in health...

Cet article propose une revue des études économétriques récentes ayant fait usage des statistiques désagrégées de la Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) aux Etats-Unis concernant les positions ouvertes sur les marchés dérivés du pétrole par type d'acteur. La distinction plus...

This thesis examines the impact of institutions, especially the financial institutions, on international trade and foreign direct investments. The first four chapters study the financial institutions and their impact on trade and international specialization. Specifically, the first chapter...

This paper investigates the impact of complementarity reforms on growth and how it depends on GDP per capita. Based on reform data for six policy areas compiled from various sources during the period 1994-2006 for over 100 countries, we compute composite indicators of reform level and...

This paper studies the theoretical and empirical implications of monetary policy making by committee under four different voting protocols. The protocols are a consensus model, where a supermajority is required for a policy change; an agenda-setting model, where the chairman controls the agenda; a...

This article analyses the behavior of the French media during the campaign leading to the 29 May 2005 referendum on the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe. It is shown that the French media bears their share of responsibility in the rejection of the Treaty as they campaigned in favor...

This paper explores the link between return migration and political outcomes in the origin country, using the case study of Mali. We use electoral and census data at the locality level to investigate the role of return migration on participation rates and electoral competitiveness. First, we run...

The transition to democracy undertaken by many developing countries implies a greater role for the electoral process in determining the directions of social and economic policies, and of national development. The consolidation of democracy requires a better understanding of electoral behaviour,...

Interest in economies with a finite number of equilibria has been first drawn over by Debreu (1970). The present paper shows that such economies form a subset of dense interior of the set of private ownership economies and proves some continuity properties of the Walras correspondence. It...