This article examines the dynamics of the informal sector in Madagascar during the 1995-2004 period, which was characterized by sustained growth that ended due to a major political crisis. As conventionally assumed by simple dualistic models, the informal sector indeed fulfils a labor-absorbing...

This paper investigates whether location choices of multinational firms depend on past export, import or FDI experience on foreign markets, and the experience of other affiliated firms. Using French data, we observe that 95% of new FDIs are preceded by exports in the same country, whereas 73%...

This paper investigates to which extent exporters, importers and multinational firms have a greater propensity to start innovation activities. We merge two consecutive French Community Innovation Surveys (CIS), and apply the model of Crépon et al. (1998) to a sample of first-time innovators...

This article aims to analyze the structure and the performance of multinational firms at the group level, and to estimate the impact of outward FDI on the domestic perimeter of manufacturing groups. This empirical work anticipates a major reshape of business statistics, which does not consider...

Informality is ubiquitous in most developing countries. Understanding the informal economy is therefore of utmost importance from a political, economic and social point of view. Paradoxically, despite its economic importance, knowledge is extremely limited regarding the informal economy. It...