I show that the structure of the firm is not neutral in respect to regulatory capital budgeted under rules which are based on the Value-at-Risk. Indeed, when a holding company has the liberty to divide its risk into as many subsidiaries as needed, and when the subsidiaries are subject to...

This paper proposes an equilibrium approach to belief manipulation and deception in which agents only have coarse knowledge of their opponent's strategy. Equilibrium requires the coarse knowledge available to agents to be correct, and the inferences and optimizations to be made on the basis of...

This article focuses on the impact of derivative markets on the American crude oil market. It first analyses the depth and liquidity of the market, and shows that there is a huge increase in activity from 1989 to 2003. Then the study focuses on prices volatility. The latter is separated into two...

This article focuses on the impact of derivative markets on the American crude oil market. It first analyses the depth and liquidity of the market, and shows that there is a huge increase in activity from 1989 to 2003. Then the study focuses on prices volatility. The latter is separated into two...

The pre-liberalized sector provided electricity consumers with a supply at regulated prices. With the liberalization movement, consumers are now faced with a new price risk. The purpose of this paper is to review, firstly the price policy conducted in France since the fifties, and secondly to...