The aim of this note is to present and analyze subnational fiscal trends in Russia in the context of overall slowing economic growth and falling oil prices over the last few years. In particular, in 2015, GDP fell by 3.7 percent. Despite efforts to cut expenditures, the federal deficit increased...

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, the first global assessment of the state of the world's ecological health, published in March 2005, identified global fisheries as one of fi ve global systems in critical condition. This paper is one of many studies that show how on local, regional, and...