Abstract: This paper discusses the fiscal policy reactions and economic policies of European countries and the United States during the Great Depression. Economic as well as economic history literature has tended to overlook the fiscal policy aspects of the Great Depression, in particular in...

The paper presents a fiscal indicator that uses the fiscal situation of the previous year as a benchmark. Different revenue and expenditure items have their own of rules by which the cyclical and discretionary changes are determined. An important step in constructing the new indicator is the...

This paper deals with the fiscal behaviour of governments in the 1920s and 1930s. The intention is to see whether there were the same features in government behaviour as in the post-World War II era. In particular, attention is paid to asymmetric fiscal policies, ie the question of whether...

The paper presents small scale CGE models designed to analyze the double dividend problem i.e. the simultaneous improvement of efficiency and environment through a revenue neutral tax reform. We show that in a one factor model with leisure weakly separable from consumption, a double dividend in...

The paper is structured in two parts. The first one analyses the proposals of the European Commission concerning the reform of the European Union policies and the Eastern enlargement, set out in Agenda 2000. The second addresses the impacts of the Eastern enlargement to Portugal. The paper...

We examine the determinants that shape the spending preferences of public sector employees on several budgetary appropriations. Following Niskanen?s (1971, 1975, 1994) budget maximising theory, we test whether these employees prefer larger budgetary appropriations rather than less. We measure...

This paper tries to assess fiscal policy rules in the OECD countries. In particular, we examine whether the EU/EMU countries have had the same rule in terms of the cyclical situation. The analysis is based on a simple VAR model for output growth, inflation and a fiscal indicator. Empirical...

In the Kyoto Protocol carbon sinks became a tool for releasing the economic burden of achieving the emission target. For Finland, credits from carbon sinks might be important since the amount of carbon sequestered in total forest area has been large relative to total emissions. It was agreed in...

The liberalisation of agricultural trade is expected to become a key element of the agreement resulting from the WTO's Doha Round. The economic impacts of agricultural trade liberalisation are evaluated in this study using a global numerical general equilibrium model. A broad policy package...