Purpose - The purpose of this study is twofold. The first is to relate the negative image of older workers to stereotype threat and propose that effective retention management should start with the replacement of this negative image. The second is to assess the needs, perceptions and preferences...

Based on expectancy theory, goal-setting theory and control theory we propose a model in which perceived fairness mediates the relationship between characteristics of employee performance management systems and their perceived effectiveness by employees. The model was tested on a sample of 3192...