(psychopathy, Machiavellianism and nihilism). The students also responded to questionnaires to assess their attitudes toward risk … psychopathic, Machiavellian and nihilistic traits in the sample, and also that risk seekers were antisocial. Additionally, we found … who were anxious tend to be nihilists. Moreover, boys born from younger mothers were more risk seeking than girls born …

similar experiment with preschool children to assess their attitudes toward risk and found the children, like the monkeys, to … be risk seeking. This suggests that adult humans are not born risk averse, but become risk averse. Our experiment also … that though emotional states and predetermined prenatal testosterone can influence children’s preferences toward risk …