What are the effects of childhood immunization program (UIP) on women's fertility and birth spacing? I examine the … effect of this immunization program on women's subsequent fertility and birth spacing by exploiting district … reduces the likelihood of subsequent and cumulative fertility of women and increases the birth intervals between first and …

lacks fertility control and management framework. This forms the rationale for this study to access the trend of factors … Nigeria) and developed nations (Germany and United States). The trend analysis revealed that fertility rate, crude death rate …, birth rate, mortality rate, and life expectancy are the major determinants of rapid population growth rate, while youth …

. When child mortality falls from lower prevalence, as in western Europe, labor productivity improves, fertility falls and … die from infectious disease, childhood health affects human capital and noninfectious-disease related adult mortality … that life expectancy at birth is a poor indicator of population health unless morbidity falls with mortality. …