The paper discusses TRIPS as a protection measure on knowledge and new technologies through property rights and … analyses the Southern concern if protection of new technologies by means of TRIPS may mean that South can no longer imitate the …

Policy in Pakistan has been fairly path-dependant, placing a higher weight on export promotion and domestic …

need for additional reforms in areas related to the tariff structure, customs regulations and procedures, export promotion …

traditional protectionist industrial policies through "effective protection". A second element of conclusion is that the …

protection and trade indicators. Furniture manufacturing remains one of the most highly protected industries in Egypt. Although … the nominal rate of protection (NRP) for that industry was lowered from 50 percent in 1997 to 40 percent, its rate remains … the fourth highest of all manufacturing categories. The effective rate of protection (ERP) for the wood furniture industry …

find that: (1) the likelihood of promotion of these leaders increases with their economic performance measured as growth … with CCP central committee member have higher probability of promotion than their counterpart; (3) these leaders with Ph ….D. degree have higher probability of promotion than their counterpart; (4) compared to growth rate of operating revenue, growth …

bringing academia and business closer: breeding academic loyalty through business-type strategies of quick promotion. …