This paper evaluates how R&D subsidies to the business sector are typically awarded. We identify two sources of ine …_- ciencies we propose mechanisms that include some form of an auction in which applicants bid for subsidies. Our proposals are …

climate regimes. Against this background, this paper discusses carbon/energy taxes, subsidies, energy efficiency standards …

in indirect taxes,adjusting the exchange rate and sliding down of subsidies, on employment, income distribution, per … increased unemployment and inflation. The fourth policy instrument of shrink in subsidies augmented the unemployment, unequal …

ethanol industry. We compile data on the implementation dates for subsidies/tax credits for all states for years 1984-2007, a … passage of a numerous of state-level subsidies and tax breaks aimed at increasing ethanol production. Using Cox proportional … hazard regression analysis, we find that states are more likely to adopt ethanol subsidies when corn production is high, when …

This note provided some reasons that why the Iranian government should avoid removing subsidies in the current Iranian …