that the export led growth (ELG) hypothesis is not an appealing phenomenon. Causality proofs on the basis of error …

approach, and we perform the cointegration and Granger causality analysis employing the methods of vector error correction … bilateral but exhibits stronger evidence on the causality of output→finance; and (2) economic growth, financial development and …

cointegration approach. The results suggest debt servicing, inflation and private investment to be negatively associated. The study … coefficient of the error correction term confirms the long run causality between explanatory variables and private investment. The … pair-wise Granger causality concludes unidirectional causality from private investment to GDP growth, from private …

using annual data over the period 1970-2008. The Johansen cointegration test suggests that there is a long-run relationship … between central government revenue and expenditure. The result from Granger causality test based on Vector Error Correction … Models (VECM) suggests bidirectional causality between central government revenues and expenditures in the long …

bivariate framework. To examine this linkage, we applied panel cointegration methods and panel causality test. Our results show …The objective of this study is to investigate the causality between electricity consumption and economic growth for a …

to March 2009. We test the cointegration and causality between the two variables. The results of Engle-Granger, Johansen … and cointegration tests are ambiguous while the Breitung test infirmed the hypothesis of cointegration between exports and … find evidence of the bidirectional Granger causality between the exports and the imports explained by the significant …

’s economic growth over the period of 1970 to 2006. The Johansen and Juselius (1990) cointegration test was used to investigate … error-correction model (VECM) and the Granger (1969) causality test were used to examine the short-and long-run causality … Granger causality results strongly supported bilateral causality between economic growth and its determinants. This indicated …

(Granger-causality tests and cointegration) was used to evaluate the existence and direction of the relationship. The results … show a significant short-term causality between education (proxied by enrollment rates in all three levels: primary …

and short-run Granger causality running from GDP to electricity consumption for Togo. The results of the cointegration … ARDL bounds testing approach of cointegration. Long-run equilibrium has been established among these variables for Benin …. The study further establishes long- and short-run Granger causality running from GDP to electricity consumption for Benin …

applying ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration for long run and error correction method for short span of time …. Empirical evidence suggests a stable cointegration relationship between defence spending and economic growth. An increase in … economic growth. Interest rate is inversely associated with economic growth. Finally, unidirectional causality running from …