this paper we explore two related issues. First, how robust is the finding of a promotion signaling distortion to different … ways of modeling the promotion process? Second, what are the various forms that the promotion signaling distortion can take …? Our first conclusion is that a promotion signaling distortion exists across a wide range of settings, including some for …

signaling; (iii) managerial priority during a recession is to smooth credit over time rather than to boost credit supply; (iv …

able to use prices as a signaling device and this enables them to trade. By contrast, strong competition among sellers …