The capital structure puzzle still remains unsolved. Every year there are many incidences of firms, reporting very high and risky levels of debt ratios. Since debt has tax advantages over other sources of capital, this paper employs simulated marginal tax rate (MTR) and its variants to study the...

Simulated marginal tax rates involve complex calculations of simulating future (uncertain) incomes and mimicking corporate tax code. This paper develops two algorithms to calculate simulated marginal tax rate. The codes have been developed to forecast future taxable income of Indian companies...

In recent years much attention is being paid to teh issue of taxation in Canada. Many economists, politicians, and the public believe taht the tax burden is becoming unbearable. In order to argue in this, one needs to know how taxation distorts the output and income in the Canadian economy. The...

Why does the hours worked show a decreasing pattern in the postwar Japanese economy? This paper answers this question in the background of the changing pattern of government spending and tax-imposing behaviors. We construct and simulate a standard optimal growth model with the following key...

This article deals with a tax burden in the European Union in as financial and economic crisis has impacted also on tax systems in the European Union. Governments´ tax measure aims to consolidate public finance and promote an economic growth. The article provides empirical evidence on a shift...

The informal sector, according to ILO’s definition, nurtures to a large extent both the economic activities of the port as well as the overall economy of Djibouti. A comparative approach of two surveys carried out in 1980 (PECTA) and 2001 (PATARE) emphasizes the evolution of the various...

This study of the impacts of economic freedom, regulatory quality, and the relative burden of taxation on the level of per capita real income/GDP among OECD nations over the 2003-2007 period adopts a modified version of the overall economic freedom index computed by The Heritage Foundation...

This exploratory study investigates the hypothesis that higher levels of economic freedom in an “economic region” promote a higher level of economic activity and hence yield higher levels of per capita real income in that economic region, ceteris paribus. However, in the pursuit of a broader...

In this Reply, we concede that our assumption that per capita expenditures will grow by the maximum permitted under Proposition 4 is arbitrary. How "unrealistic" this assumption is (would be) cannot be known. Nevertheless, we viewed the assumption under debate as necessary to the undertaking of...

Creation of optimal tax and budget systems is one of the Difficult problems of economic science. One of the most important areas of tax reform is to develop a tax code in the aspect of optimal tax gravity. The new tax code - a step to improvement, since a number of reduced taxes and simplified...