avoid civil war. Members of the opposition are heterogeneous in income and ideology, and heterogeneity generates …

concluded Civil War, leading, in part, to the passage of a Constitutional Amendment ensuring the “validity of the public debt ….” However, the Civil War debt crisis was not a financial one, but a political one. The Republican and Democratic Parties took … generated during the period: a repudiation crisis (grounded upon fears of the cancellation of the war debt), a repayment crisis …

civil war than countries without such resources. However insights from the ‘resource curse’ literature suggest that measures … relationship between natural resource abundance and civil war. In this paper, I propose two more exogenous measures of natural … natural resources on civil war (Collier and Hoeffler 2004, Collier Hoeffler and Rohner 2009) and replicate the exact same …

(interpreted as the uncontested ice-cream) are negatively associated with the likelihood of a civil war. Eventually, international …

, Siad Barri, the following civil conflict and the process of the present total war, everyone against everyone. Socioeconomic …

We examine the impact of civil war on democratization. Using a theoretical bargaining model, we hypothesize that … prolonged violence, war termination, the presence of natural resources, and international intervention influence democratization … civil war lowers democratization in the succeeding period. This finding appears to be robust to conditioning, different …

vulnerability significantly affect HIV prevalence rates. Specifically we find that (i) HIV prevalence is 1.64 % higher in war … average (1.10 % versus 0.02 %); (iii) Civil war and sexual violence jointly increase HIV infection rates by 1.45 %; (iv …