In the framework of Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing models, by employing exotic options instead of plain options or warrants, this paper presents an equivalent decomposition method for usual Callable Convertible Bonds (CCB). Furthermore, the analytic valuation formulae for CCB are worked out...

After the criterion of time to examine the evolution of the indicator values that can be given at the time (eg number of human population in year t) or the time (eg GDP in year t). The indicators characterizing economic development are absolute growth, growth rate, the rate increase.

There are several methods to convert fuzzy or stochastic LP to conventional LP models. In this simple paper we evaluate the effectiveness of three proposed methods, using a numerical example from a pure factors portfolio.

This paper revisits the aggregation theorem of Chichilnisky (1980), replacing the original smooth topology by the closed convergence topology and responding to several comments (N. Baigent (1984, 1985, 1987, 1989), N. Baigent and P. Huang (1990) and M. LeBreton and J. Uriarte (1900 a, b)....

This study aims to shed light on the linkage between real side and financial side of Chinese economy. Utilizing a financial social accounting matrix (F-SAM) for China, 2002, newly constructed for this purpose, the current study provides a consistent accounting system for Chinese economy. The...

Recently, an awareness is emerging in economics about the fact that important problems are not solvable algorithmically, that is, by any finite number of steps. This statement can be made mathematically exact and this paper reviews the contributions that have been made in this regard, related to...

Economic information, such as interpersonal relationships, and lead are usually placed at the basis of the facts and circumstances must always be based on a economic theory well argued. Relations between employees and managers should provide related information in terms of social issues,...

The last financial and economic crisis demonstrated the dysfunctional long-term effects of aggressive behaviour in financial markets. Yet, evolutionary game theory predicts that under the condition of strategic dependence a certain degree of aggressive behaviour remains within a given population...

The paper investigates the impact of delayed tax revenues on the fiscal policy out-comes. Choosing the delay as a bifurcation parameter we study the direction and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions. We show when the system is stable with respect to the delay. Some numerical...

Closed form approximations to the fundamental solution of parabolic PDEs is considered. The approach consists on approximations based on a parametrix series expansion. The approximation error can be bounded by a gaussian function and it is of an order of t^2. These explicit expressions have...