We offer a simple economic model of repeated barter to explore current economic exchange in Russia: individuals trade … barter allocations are distorted, as goods must be used for liquidity reasons. When third-party middlemen exist who can … facilitate barter, they command a premium for their services, and have preferences for improved liquidity which may or may not …

barter. I derive the optimal velocity of money, which depends on real GDP/capita and the net return on depository …

stable norms of behaviour. Domination of barter exchange, arrears, corruption and black market activities are examples of …

that commercial barter behaves differently than corporate barter during the course of business cycles. Here, we correct the … cycle are occasionally inconsistent, overall the inventory measures and capacity utilization results suggest that barter … transactions are counter-cyclical regardless of the size of the business. Additionally, we find that barter rises with inflationary …

discussed below. Then the theory developed is applied to explain emergence in Russia of barter, mutual arrears, tax evasion …, corruption, and some other institutional traps. Implications for reform strategy are explored. The analysis shows that the …

barter. I derive the optimal velocity of money, which depends on real GDP/capita and the net return on depository …

In this paper we survey the common explanations of barter in transition economies and expose them to detailed survey … data on 165 barter deals in Ukraine in 1997. The evidence does not support the notion that soft budget constraints, lack of … restructuring, or that the virtual economy are the driving forces behind barter. Further, tax avoidance is only weakly associated …