In the last few years it has been possible to observe decreasing interest margins forGerman universal banks. At the same time, institutions increasingly moved partof their business from interest to fee-earning activities. This study analyzes thedeterminants of non-interest income and its impact...

The minimisation of the return variance is one of the classical topics of portfolio theory. One of the main difficulties of variance minimisation is the neccessary input factors- variances and covariances- of the assets of the investment universe- are unknown. Often these variances and...