This paper develops a model of unemployment fluctuations. The model keeps the architecture of the Barro and Grossman … flexible to completely rigid. With some price rigidity, aggregate demand influences unemployment through a simple mechanism … thus increases labor demand, which in turn reduces unemployment. We use the comparative-statistics predictions of the model …

alternative unemployment rates that are sharply higher in Romania and moderately higher in Estonia and Russia. … transition economy labor markets. We analyze microdata on detailed labor force survey responses in Russia, Romania, and Estonia … to measure nonstandard, boundary forms and alternative definitions of employment and unemployment. Our calculations show …

to analyze a survey of 297 new s small enterprises in Romania containing detailed information from the startup date …

models imply that majority privatization raises MFP about 15% in Romania, 8% in Hungary, and 2% in Ukraine, while in Russia …. Positive domestic effects appear within a year in Hungary, Romania, and Ukraine and continue growing thereafter, but take 5 …