This report analyzes the spontaneous mobility of Syrian refugees in Lebanon, Jordan, and Iraq. To do this, it follows a five-step integrated analytical strategy: first, a review of international experience helps identify factors that contribute to mobility (a.k.a. push and pull factors), then,...

This paper develops a Schumpeterian model of international specialization and catching-up. In a previous version of the model we looked at the impact on international trade specialization when different patterns of technological catching-up are followed. One of these is a Gerschenkron pattern at...