The people of the Mashreq have seen more than their share of deaths, economic losses, and instability over the past decade. As the decade-long conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic created new challenges and worsened the existing ones, economic activity declined, labor markets deteriorated, and...

This report analyzes the spontaneous mobility of Syrian refugees in Lebanon, Jordan, and Iraq. To do this, it follows a five-step integrated analytical strategy: first, a review of international experience helps identify factors that contribute to mobility (a.k.a. push and pull factors), then,...

The Kurdistan region of Iraq is facing an economic and humanitarian crisis as a result of the influx of Syrian refugees which began in 2012 and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in 2014. The region's population increased by 28 percent over a short period, placing strains on the local economy,...