facing vastly different problems, and find themselves at different levels of development. The economic performance of the …', appears to be for a number of reasons equally problematic. In fact, the geographic trade patterns of the countries involved do … regional trade links do exist (Russia, Ukraine and Turkey), this seems to be explained first of all by these countries' size …

Southeast Europe (SEE) has been lagging in transition and development. For political, security and institutional … is increased openness to foreign business participation. In the SEE countries, stabilization has been put ahead of … in external economic relations and on labour markets trade and current account deficits are high as are the unemployment …

Abstract Trade in goods and services is likely to be an important channel for international knowledge diffusion. This …

trade and the current account deficits will be relatively small. In the longer run, a diversification of the economic … investment climate suffered from a re-privatization campaign, the world steel prices plunged, while imports were fostered by …) is to be covered largely by privatization receipts. Foreign trade developments during the past one and a half decades …

existence of numerous mutual trade barriers, but, more generally, it reflects the slow progress achieved by both countries in … restructuring their economies, attracting more FDI and upgrading their export structures in favour of goods with higher value …'s institutional relations with Russia and Ukraine have not progressed much, and even a free-trade area will most probably not be …

Based on recent approaches measuring the factor content of trade when intermediates are traded this paper provides an … approach to decompose the value added and factor (capital, high, medium and low educated labour) content of trade into foreign … and domestic components. This adds to the literature by simultaneously considering both exports and imports allowing a …

This paper discussed two measures of value added flows between countries ‘Trade in value added’ accounts for value … added of one country directly and indirectly embodied in final consumption of another country. ‘Value added in trade …’ measures the value added embodied in gross trade flows. The paper shows that both measures result in the same overall net trade …

processes used to be located in the country where a firm had its headquarters. Technological development has facilitated the … rise to increased trade with the use of imported intermediate goods in manufacturing industries having been increased … production patterns and processes to be studied at a global level. As this is accompanied by similar trends in trade before and …

Abstract The increasing international fragmentation of production has triggered the development of a number of widely … simultaneously considering the import side and focusing on bilateral gross and value added trade flows. It discusses how these … indicators relate to each other, the role of double counting in bilateral value added trade, and aggregation issues in global …

predictions from the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem are largely satisfied. However, a large amount of ‘missing trade’ remains … consumption in the HOV framework with technology differences, which reduces the amount of missing trade. We test for the effects …. Results are shown both for total trade and bilateral trade. Empirically we draw on the recently released World Input …