structural estimation approaches find little evidence that the entry costs declined significantly in the US over this period. We …

We model entry by entrepreneurs into new markets in developing economies with regulatory barriers in the form of … licence fees and bureaucratic delay. Because laissez faire leads to ‘excessive’ entry, a licence fee can increase welfare by … discouraging entry. However, in the presence of a licence fee, bureaucratic delay creates a strategic opportunity, which can result …

be expected to have a positive impact on productivity, thereby making entry (or contestability of markets) desirable …. Traditional research in the context of entry has explored the strategic reactions of incumbent firms when threatened by the … possibility of entry. However, following De Soto (1989), there has been increasing emphasis on regulatory and institutional …