shocks were large and widespread, and were particularly hard on older workers and women. Unemployment reached double digits …

Eastern German privatization and restructuring of firms is seen as a special case because of the peculiarities of … problems as other countries in transition when privatizing and restructuring firms: It had to decide about the aims, methods … and traditions, and it had to find a general economic policy toward restructuring. I argue that eastern German …

impacts firm restructuring and creation. This debate has largely been dominated by approaches that emphasize either the … facilitated institutional experiments not only in the ways it promoted negotiated solutions to restructuring, but also in the ways …

A general consensus in the transition economies literature links the existence of enterprise restructuring with the … whether the lack of economic growth is caused by the lack of enterprise restructuring. Complicating the debate in Russia is … the confusion regarding the role of barter transactions in enterprise restructuring. Much of the confusion is generated by …

We examine the role of organized labor in the restructuring experience of two coal mining regions in the 1990’s … undertook gradual restructuring from early on whereas in Jiu Valley there was no restructuring until 1997, followed by massive … conditions, and the constraints in compensating the laid-off miners. We show that the delay in restructuring in Jiu Valley was …

Strategic restructuring of firms through investment is key to a transition from plan to market. Using data on …

The increase in exports to market economies is a good sign, but it is not conclusive about the extent of restructuring … analysis of their exports’ quality, interprets the results for the extent of restructuring, and discusses the potential factors …