-ante actions and ex-post responses using panel data from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Malawi. The importance of ex-ante actions … mitigate the impact of shocks on child schooling. In contrast, households in Malawi rely more on private ex-ante actions than …

, Ethiopia, and Malawi. The empirical results show that the accumulation of biological human capital prior to disasters helps … post-disaster recovery process. In Ethiopia and Malawi, where droughts are rather frequent, exposure to highly frequent …